Izimboni
Okuzenzakalelayo
Ukunemba okuphezulu kwezigaba zokuma zikagesi/ngezandla zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wokuzenzakalela kwemboni.Lezi zigaba zokuma ziklanyelwe ukuhambisa ngokunembile nokubeka izinto ngokunemba nokuphindaphinda, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene ezimbonini ezifana nokukhiqiza, amarobhothi, isemiconductor, kanye nocwaningo.
Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zezigaba zokubeka ezinembayo ukuhlanganisa kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.Lezi zigaba zinika amandla ukuqondanisa okunembayo kanye nokuma kwezingxenye ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo enembile nengaguquguquki.Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni ama-elekthronikhi, lezi zigaba zisetshenziselwa ukubeka amabhodi esekethe, izakhi ze-soldering, nemishini yokuhlola ngokunemba kweleveli ye-micron.
Emkhakheni wamarobhothi, izigaba zokuma ezinembayo zisetshenziselwa ukulawula izingalo zerobhothi kanye nokukhohlisa.Zenza amarobhothi enze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukuma okunembile, njengokukhetha nendawo, ukuphatha izinto ezibucayi, nokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezincane.Izigaba zihlinzeka ngokuzinza okudingekayo nokunemba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isiphetho serobhothi sifinyelela indawo efiselekayo ngokuphindaphinda okuphezulu.
Embonini ye-semiconductor, lapho ukuguqulwa kwe-miniaturization kubaluleke kakhulu, izigaba zokuma ezinembayo zibalulekile ekuhlolweni kwe-wafer, i-lithography, nezinqubo zokupakisha.Lezi zigaba zivumela ukunyakaza okunembile nokuqondanisa kwama-wafers, imaski, nezinye izingxenye, okuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe ekhwalithi ephezulu.
Amalabhorethri ocwaningo nentuthuko nawo ayazuza ezigabeni zokubeka ezinembayo eziphezulu.Lezi zigaba zisetshenziswa ekuhloleni kwesayensi okuhlukahlukene, okufana ne-microscopy, i-spectroscopy, nocwaningo lwe-nanotechnology.Abacwaningi bangabeka ngokunembile amasampula, ama-probe, namathuluzi, okubavumela ukuthi bafunde futhi basebenzise izinto ezisetshenziswayo kumaleveli amancane ne-nanoscale.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaba zokuma ezinembayo zithola izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-metrology nokulawula ikhwalithi.Asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa kobukhulu, ukulinganisa, nokuqondanisa kwamasistimu okubona, izinzwa, namanye amathuluzi anembayo.Lezi zigaba zihlinzeka ngokuzinza okudingekayo nokunemba okudingekayo ukuze kulinganiswe okunembile nezinqubo zokulinganisa.
Mayelana nokusebenza, izigaba zokubeka ezinembe kakhulu zingalawulwa ngesandla noma ngogesi.Izigaba ezenziwa ngesandla zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho ukulungiswa okuhle nokulawulwa komqhubi kuyadingeka.Ngokuvamile zifaka i-micrometer noma izikali ze-vernier zokufundwa kwendawo okunembile namasondo ezandla okulungiswa mathupha.
Izigaba zokubeka ugesi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinikeza ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo nokuhlelekayo.Angahlanganiswa ezinhlelweni ezishintshayo ezinkulu futhi alawulwe kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana kwekhompiyutha noma izilawuli ezinengqondo ezihlelekayo (PLCs).Izigaba zikagesi zinikeza ukunemba okuphezulu, ukuphindaphinda, kanye nesivinini uma kuqhathaniswa nezigaba ezenziwa ngesandla, okuzenza zifanelekele izindawo zokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Sengiphetha, izigaba zokubeka zikagesi/ngezandla ezinembe kakhulu zinezinhlelo eziningi zokuzenzakalela kwezimboni.Ikhono labo lokuhlinzeka ngokuma okunembile nokuphindaphindayo kubenza babaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni, kumarobhothi, ekukhiqizeni ama-semiconductor, amalabhorethri ocwaningo, i-metrology, nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.Lezi zigaba zifaka isandla ekukhiqizeni okuthuthukisiwe, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nokusebenza kahle ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuqhubekisela phambili intuthuko kwezokuzenzakalelayo nobuchwepheshe.